Drew University Library : University Archives : Theses and Dissertations
    
author Mary Cannaday
title Almack's: Membership, Gender, and Societal Power in Nineteenth-Century Britain
abstract Almack's Assembly Room was one of the most popular subscription events of the London Season in the early nineteenth century. The assemblies were organized and controlled by a small group of elite women from the top of the British aristocracy. This research discovers how these patronesses gained influence and power over Society. It looks at how the social perception of Almack's was formed, maintained, and how it continued long after the end of the club through the medium of novels.

This dissertation analyzes Almack's through the scope of membership and gender. It applies the idea of membership to various elements of the aristocratic world and uses gender, particularly through the doctrine of separate spheres, to analyze the role of Almack's patronesses. Gender here is used both as an object of study but also as an analytical tool. It is a major factor in analyzing separate spheres but it is also important to see how gender is used within the sources themselves.

Chapter one analyzes the aristocracy itself and argues that it was an open institution, both in entry and exit. Chapter two analyzes the history of Almack's and argues that the reason the club survived was because William Almack was an efficient club manager, using practices from other clubs in order to strengthen his own. Chapter three examines the patronesses and argues that politics was an essential aspect of Almack's. Chapter four analyzes the literary legacy of Almack's, looking at the sources which influenced literature as well as illustrating how authors used Almack's for the purposes of their stories.

The conclusion of this work is that membership was a key factor not only for Almack's, but for the aristocracy itself. Social boundaries were invisible and thus more vulnerable. By having strict rules, both the aristocracy and Almack's could draw boundaries around polite society in order to demarcate themselves from others. Almack's offered an opportunity for its patronesses to hold significant power in a public space, and thereby the patronesses challenged the traditional notions of gendered spaces and power both at home and in public.

school The Caspersen School of Graduate Studies, Drew University
degree Ph.D. (2024)
advisor Jonathan Rose
committee Frances Bernstein
Robert Ready
Stephanie Insley Hershinow
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