The bibliographic research sought to raise the historical aspects of land occupation, the presence of international organizations and institutional processes that enabled the commodification of lands, and the consequences of private colonization processes to different communities. This thesis confirms the hypothesis that the implementation of neoliberal policies and the creation of colonization projects was undertaken by private initiatives that were configured as a continuation of the "colonial enterprise" and followed a capitalist logic of production. It also evidences different practices that were employed by organizations in coalition with the State for the acquisition and concentration of land. It is concluded that, as a result of agribusiness implementation, Mato Grosso has been transformed into an area of production of raw materials, food, and fiber for the contemporary industrialized core countries. At the same time, it consumes capital and technology from the same countries that implemented this development model in the region.

Lastly, this thesis demonstrates how natural, traditional and subsistence agroecological systems were supplanted by the capitalist model of profitability and generated harmful effects on the environment at the same time it intensified social and economic contradictions. In this sense, it stresses the importance of integrating autochthonous knowledge and practices when formulating public policies for regional development. The insertion of capital and technology for small farmers can help generate substantial elements of endogenous development in the Amazon. This will enable producers to optimize the use of local resources sustainably and turn the production surplus into benefits for the local community, preserving the culture and regional ecological base.