abstract |
War and conflict reporting is a mainstay of the media diet of Americans wishing to stay
informed about U.S. military endeavors. However, past research has revealed that the military/press
relationship has room for improvement. For example, researchers have shown that current and former
service members perceive negative bias in war and conflict media coverage and an overall public
wariness of embedded journalism despite compelling evidence that such reporting is no more biased
than stories from unilaterals (unembedded reporters). Expanding on this work, the present study
utilizes a survey research design to investigate the perceptions of bias in war and conflict media held
by university-aged ROTC cadets who plan to join the military as officers and who may likely have
different media consumption habits from their more senior military counterparts. Moreover, the
researcher of the present study aimed to screen for possible correlations between media consumption
habits, perceptions of bias, and future service interests among cadets.
Eliciting survey responses from cadets proved difficult due to cadet's personal values,
institutional pressures, prevailing current events, and/or institutional pressures. Due to this the
researcher expanded the scope of the study to include interviews, but failed to yield better response
rates. Consequently, data collected from surveys and interviews are non-generalizable as the sample
size was too small to draw statistically significant connections between media consumption habits,
perceptions, and service interests. Nevertheless, a close analysis of the survey and interview data is
suggestive and raises questions for future research. For example, survey and interview respondents
indicated their perception of some negative bias in war and conflict reporting, active engagement with
war and conflict media, and a strong tendency to favor digital sources (as opposed to legacy media)
for war and conflict news information. This research then, despite its limitations, suggests a useful
model for larger-scale data collection and a jumping-off point for related future research including
but not limited to: understanding and improving the military/press relationship, examinations of
source bias and perceptions of journalistic objectivity, comparative studies of elite versus non-elite
sources, and potential gender differences in the consumption habits, perceptions, and service interests
of female versus male ROTC cadets. Continued research into these topics may yield pertinent
information for improving the military/press relationship, ROTC and military recruitment strategies,
and the need for potential changes to ROTC policies and cadet training measures.
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